Saturday, January 29, 2011

Qualification of a new and precise automatic tool for the assessment of hair diameters in phototrichograms


Background/purpose: To automatically assess hair growth during cosmetic trials, incorporating parameters such as anagen-to-telogen rate, growth rate, and especially hair diameter.


Methods: We designed and qualified a new and automatic phototrichogram system based on a high-resolution DSLR camera system (theoretical resolution of 2.557 μm/pixel) and modular macrolens system with fixed focus, combined with a trainable pattern recognition software for automated analysis.


Results: We improved the standard routine for dermatological phototrichogram technique to overcome inaccuracy in thickness measurements due to hair swelling by using an alternative immersion fluid, and increased the ...

Qualification of a new and precise automatic tool for the assessment of hair diameters in phototrichograms is a post from: Skincare




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Acyclovir skin depot characterization following in vivo iontophoretic delivery


Background/purpose: Current Herpes labialis infection treatment by oral, parenteral or topical routes is inefficient. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of iontophoresis for improved topical delivery of acyclovir (ACV) in vivo in hairless rat.


Methods: Iontophoresis was performed for 10 min using a 5% ACV gel formulation. Tape stripping and skin extractions were performed at different time points following treatment for drug quantification in stratum corneum (SC) and underlying skin, respectively.


Results: Fourfold more ACV was detected in the SC immediately following 10-min iontophoresis as compared ...

Acyclovir skin depot characterization following in vivo iontophoretic delivery is a post from: Skincare




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Investigation of hair shaft in seborrheic dermatitis using atomic force microscopy


Background/purpose: We have investigated the changes of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) on the hair shaft in the morphological and physical properties using atomic force microscopy (AFM).


Methods: Hair samples were obtained from the lesional and perilesional regions in 15 patients with SD. Fifteen healthy adults were included as the control group. From the topography of hair obtained by AFM, the height of the scale, step height, roughness, diameter, and pit were determined.


Results: The scale thickness of the SD-affected hair was sevenfold more than in the control hair showing statistically ...

Investigation of hair shaft in seborrheic dermatitis using atomic force microscopy is a post from: Skincare




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Thursday, January 27, 2011

Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives

Synopsis

Preservation using combinations of preservatives has several advantages. This study shows that the concentration of some of the most frequently used allergenic preservatives can be markedly lowered when they are combined with phenoxyethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy of cosmetic preservatives and known allergens of various potency [diazolidinyl urea, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), methylisothiazolinone (MI) and phenoxyethanol] was tested alone and in various combinations of two or three preservatives together. The preservatives were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and possible synergy using fractional inhibitory concentration. MCI/MI was the only preservative showing low-level ...

Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives is a post from: Skincare




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Sensory analysis of lipstick

Synopsis

Sensory analysis of lipstick product by trained panellists started with recruiting female panels who are lipstick users, in good health condition and willing to be a part of sensory members. This group of people was further scrutinized with duo-trio method using commercial lipstick samples that are commonly used among them. About 40% of the 15 panels recruited were unable to differentiate the lipstick samples they usually use better than chance. The balance of nine panels that were corrected at least with 65% across all trials in panels screening process was ...

Sensory analysis of lipstick is a post from: Skincare




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Efficacy of a piroctone olamine/climbazol shampoo in comparison with a zinc pyrithione shampoo in subjects with moderate to severe dandruff

Synopsis

Dandruff is a chronic scalp disorder characterized by scaling and itching. A successful anti-dandruff shampoo not only has to provide superior anti-dandruff relief to ensure patient compliance. It also needs to offer excellent cosmetic and hair conditioning benefits at the same time. In this study, the efficacy of a shampoo containing 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole (shampoo 1) was compared with a widely available commercial shampoo containing 1% zinc pyrithione (shampoo 2). In vitro studies investigating the anti-mycotic efficacy of a combination of 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole as ...

Efficacy of a piroctone olamine/climbazol shampoo in comparison with a zinc pyrithione shampoo in subjects with moderate to severe dandruff is a post from: Skincare




Efficacy of a piroctone olamine/climbazol shampoo in comparison with a zinc pyrithione shampoo in subjects with moderate to severe dandruff via BuzzBlazer.com

Design and application of water-in-oil emulsions for use in lipstick formulations

Synopsis

The addition of water to lipsticks in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion is an attractive opportunity for cosmetics manufacturers to deliver hydrophilic molecules to the consumers, as well as improving the moisturizing properties. In this work, the effect of the emulsifier type and water content on the structural properties of the designed products was investigated. It has been shown that PGPR leads to smaller droplets than the other emulsifiers tested. This was attributed to the ability of PGPR to form elastic interfaces that slow the coalescence between droplets during ...

Design and application of water-in-oil emulsions for use in lipstick formulations is a post from: Skincare




Design and application of water-in-oil emulsions for use in lipstick formulations via BuzzBlazer.com

Lysophospholipids improve skin moisturization by modulating of calcium-dependent cell differentiation pathway

Synopsis

Recent studies have demonstrated that lysophospholipids (LPL) play critical roles in several biological signal transduction pathways to maintain the homoeostasis of cells, tissues and organs. Among them, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been identified as a lipid mediator that induces morphological improvement in the epidermis in mice. In this study, we examined the effects of LPL (soybean-derived phospholipids modified with phospholipase A2 and C) compared with LPA. We initially examined the effects of LPA on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) focusing on the expression of profilaggrin and serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) mRNAs. ...

Lysophospholipids improve skin moisturization by modulating of calcium-dependent cell differentiation pathway is a post from: Skincare




Lysophospholipids improve skin moisturization by modulating of calcium-dependent cell differentiation pathway via BuzzBlazer.com

Wednesday, January 26, 2011

Dyeing behaviours of amino heterocyclic compounds as blue oxidative hair dye precursors applied to keratin fibres

Synopsis

Several novel heterocyclic compounds based on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and 2,3-dihydroindole have been investigated for their application of colour keratin fibres as blue oxidative dye precursors, especially to human hair. The colourants we studied contained anyone of these dyes (concentration range from 0.005% to 6%), and some common oxidative hair dyes, such as p-phenylenediamine, toluene-2,5-diamine sulphate. Experiments were carried out on the method of mixing hair colourants with H2O2 gel at the ratio of 1 : 1, accompanied by pH = 8∼11. It is demonstrated that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives could be considered as an excellent candidate for ...

Dyeing behaviours of amino heterocyclic compounds as blue oxidative hair dye precursors applied to keratin fibres is a post from: Skincare




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The state of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) may affect sunscreen performance

Synopsis

In the past several years, there has been a trend in the sunscreen/cosmetics industry to replace micron-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles with nanoscale materials. The increased use of nanoscale TiO2 has resulted in questions about these and other nanoproducts. This study examines the effects of using nanoscale TiO2 on ultraviolet (UV) attenuation in simple to complex sunscreen formulations. UV light attenuation, product stability, and potential damage to the skin barrier were examined with both nanoscale and microscale TiO2 particles. Results indicate that none of the formulations decreased the barrier function ...

The state of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) may affect sunscreen performance is a post from: Skincare




The state of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) may affect sunscreen performance via BuzzBlazer.com

The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents – existing and new approaches


Synopsis

Skin-lightening products are commercially available for cosmetic purposes to obtain lighter skin complexion. Clinically, they are also used for treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders such as melasma, café au lait spot and solar lentigo. All of these target naturally melanin production, and many of the commonly used agents are known as competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, one of the key enzymes in melanogenesis. In this review, we present an overview of commonly used skin-whitening ingredients that are commercialized, but we also hypothesize on other mechanisms that could be important targets to control ...

The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents – existing and new approaches is a post from: Skincare




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Tuesday, January 25, 2011

Instrumental analysis of the pattern of improvement and that of recurrence of melasma in Thai females treated with Kligman–Willis triple combination therapy: confirmation by using its two different formulae


Background: Melasma is common among females. At present, its most reliable topical treatment is the Kligman–Willis formula.


Objectives: To evaluate objectively the pattern of pigmentation improvement and recurrence.


Methods: Thirty-four Thai females with melasma showing similar lesions on both cheeks were randomly assigned to 8-week daily treatment with either one of two different versions of the formula together with strict sun protection. They were objectively evaluated instrumentally with a Mexameter® every 2 weeks, and were followed up for the subsequent 40 weeks.


Results: Thirty of 34 subjects who completed ...

Instrumental analysis of the pattern of improvement and that of recurrence of melasma in Thai females treated with Kligman–Willis triple combination therapy: confirmation by using its two different formulae is a post from: Skincare




Instrumental analysis of the pattern of improvement and that of recurrence of melasma in Thai females treated with Kligman–Willis triple combination therapy: confirmation by using its two different formulae via BuzzBlazer.com

Friday, January 21, 2011

Is there any barrier impairment in sensitive skin?: a quantitative analysis of sensitive skin by mathematical modeling of transepidermal water loss desorption curves


Background/purpose: Sensitive skin is a vague, subjective and difficult to characterize affliction. It affects a large part of the population and is accompanied with great interest by the cosmetic industry. Some studies have suggested that sensitive skin is the result of impaired barrier function, which leads to the exposure of immune system cells and sensitive nerves, resulting in marked cutaneous responses to otherwise harmless stimuli. This study aimed to investigate the cutaneous barrier integrity of individuals with sensitive skin by a novel approach: a plastic occlusion stress test followed ...

Is there any barrier impairment in sensitive skin?: a quantitative analysis of sensitive skin by mathematical modeling of transepidermal water loss desorption curves is a post from: Skincare




Is there any barrier impairment in sensitive skin?: a quantitative analysis of sensitive skin by mathematical modeling of transepidermal water loss desorption curves via BuzzBlazer.com

Heat shocks enhance procollagen type I and III expression in fibroblasts in ex vivo human skin


Background: The well-known characteristics of aging skin are the development of fine lines and wrinkles, but changes in skin tone, skin texture, thickness and moisture content are also aspects of aging. Rejuvenation of the skin aims at reversing the signs of aging and can be established in the epidermis as well as in the dermis. Aged dermis, in fact, has a degenerated collagen matrix. To regenerate this matrix, fibroblasts need to be stimulated into synthesizing new collagen.


Aims: In this study, the effects of heat shocks of different temperatures ...

Heat shocks enhance procollagen type I and III expression in fibroblasts in ex vivo human skin is a post from: Skincare




Heat shocks enhance procollagen type I and III expression in fibroblasts in ex vivo human skin via BuzzBlazer.com

Thursday, January 20, 2011

Does HLA-G prevent tissue destruction in psoriasis? Comment on ‘Expression of human leucocyte antigen-G primarily targets affected skin of patients with psoriasis’

Does HLA-G prevent tissue destruction in psoriasis? Comment on ‘Expression of human leucocyte antigen-G primarily targets affected skin of patients with psoriasis’ is a post from: Skincare

Does HLA-G prevent tissue destruction in psoriasis? Comment on ‘Expression of human leucocyte antigen-G primarily targets affected skin of patients with psoriasis’ is a post from: Skincare




Does HLA-G prevent tissue destruction in psoriasis? Comment on ‘Expression of human leucocyte antigen-G primarily targets affected skin of patients with psoriasis’ via BuzzBlazer.com

Preliminary evidence for involvement of the tumour suppressor gene CHD5 in a family with cutaneous melanoma

Summary

Background  Cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide and approximately 5% of melanomas are hereditary. Deletions in chromosome 1p36 have been detected in melanoma but no candidate melanoma tumour suppressor gene has yet been found in this area. Recently, Bagchi et al have provided strong evidence that CHD5 is a tumour suppressor gene in this region.


Methods  Peripheral blood DNA from 47 melanoma families who do not carry mutations in any of the three currently recognised melanoma genes, 398 patients with sporadic melanoma and 398 geographically matched non melanoma bearing ...

Preliminary evidence for involvement of the tumour suppressor gene CHD5 in a family with cutaneous melanoma is a post from: Skincare




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Sebaceous gland number and volume is significantly reduced in uninvolved hair follicles from patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Abstract

The pathogenesis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is not clearly understood. The nomenclature suggests an important role for the apocrine glands but recent evidence implicates the pilosebaceous unit as a more likely candidate to play a central role in the pathogenesis.


Our aim was to estimate the volume of the follicular epithelium, the follicular lumen and the sebaceous glands of HS patients and healthy controls by means of stereology.


4 mm punch biopsies were taken from 21 HS patients and 9 healthy controls, fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin ...

Sebaceous gland number and volume is significantly reduced in uninvolved hair follicles from patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a post from: Skincare




Sebaceous gland number and volume is significantly reduced in uninvolved hair follicles from patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa via BuzzBlazer.com

Immediate Pigment Darkening and Persistent Pigment Darkening as means of measuring the UVA protection factor in vivo: A comparative study

Abstract

Background  Persistent pigment darkening (PPD) is a widely used in vivo method of UVA protection factor (UVAPF) measurement. However, with increased emphasis on UVA protection and sunscreen products with higher UVAPF gaining popularity, the immediate pigment darkening (IPD) method is drawing attention again. Furthermore, only about a quarter of the recommended quantity is used during daily activities. However, there is of yet no clearly defined relationship between the UVAPF and the amount of sunscreen application.


Objectives  To analyze the differences between the IPD and PPD methods, and to establish a relationship ...

Immediate Pigment Darkening and Persistent Pigment Darkening as means of measuring the UVA protection factor in vivo: A comparative study is a post from: Skincare




Immediate Pigment Darkening and Persistent Pigment Darkening as means of measuring the UVA protection factor in vivo: A comparative study via BuzzBlazer.com

Skin colorimetric parameters involved in skin age perception


Background/purpose: Age perception is based on a number of facial attributes such as wrinkles, skin gravity effects, feature lines, and skin optical appearance. The colorimetric and optical diffusion properties of skin have been compared with the consumer interpretation of ‘skin age’ of cheek area pictures without wrinkles or feature lines.


Methods: Controlled lighting images of skin were taken with the Visia CR. Skin sections from the cheek area were selected without eye region wrinkles or naso-labial lines for consumer interpretation. These same skin sections were analyzed for optical roughness ...

Skin colorimetric parameters involved in skin age perception is a post from: Skincare




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Comparative diagnostic accuracy in virtual dermatopathology


Background: Virtual microscopy can be used to teach histology and pathology and for in-training and certification examinations. A few online consultation websites already utilize virtual microscopy, thereby expanding the role of telemedicine in dermatopathology. There are, however, relatively few studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of virtual slides compared to traditional glass slides.


Methods: Ten Nordic dermatopathologists and pathologists were given a randomized combination of 20 virtual and glass slides and asked to identify the diagnoses. They were then asked to give their impressions about the virtual images. ...

Comparative diagnostic accuracy in virtual dermatopathology is a post from: Skincare




Comparative diagnostic accuracy in virtual dermatopathology via BuzzBlazer.com

Thermal sensory and pain thresholds in the tongue and chin change with age, but are not altered in burning mouth syndrome


Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic orofacial pain syndrome that occurs in middle-aged and postmenopausal women and poses a therapeutic challenge to dermatologists and dentists. It has been suggested previously that BMS is a small-fiber neuropathy.


Aims: This study was designed to examine thermal sensory and pain thresholds in the oral mucosa and chin, both innervated by the trigeminal nerve, in patients with BMS, as well as in healthy controls. In addition, the study proposed to examine whether there are any differences in oral thermal and pain ...

Thermal sensory and pain thresholds in the tongue and chin change with age, but are not altered in burning mouth syndrome is a post from: Skincare




Thermal sensory and pain thresholds in the tongue and chin change with age, but are not altered in burning mouth syndrome via BuzzBlazer.com

Wednesday, January 19, 2011

Nickel sensitization in orthodontically treated and non-treated female adolescents


Background. The importance of the nickel exposure from fixed orthodontic appliances is under continuous discussion.


Objectives. Our aim was to investigate nickel allergy and the risk of nickel sensitization among female adolescents during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances as compared with non-treated female adolescents.


Subjects and methods. Female patients starting or with ongoing orthodontic treatment (n = 30) and young females without a history of orthodontic treatment (n = 140) were studied. Patch testing with 5% nickel sulfate was carried out twice on each participant with an approximately 1-year interval. The subjects ...

Nickel sensitization in orthodontically treated and non-treated female adolescents is a post from: Skincare




Nickel sensitization in orthodontically treated and non-treated female adolescents via BuzzBlazer.com

The relevance of chlorhexidine contact allergy


Background. Chlorhexidine is used for disinfection of skin and mucosae in medicine and dentistry. Prolonged exposure may lead to contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis or stomatitis.


Objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyse the sources of chlorhexidine exposure and sensitization, and to obtain data on the prevalence of sensitization and chlorhexidine-related contact allergy.


Patients and methods. From 1999, patch testing was performed with chlorhexidine digluconate (0.5% aq.) on 7610 general dermatology patients with suspected contact allergy at the Turku University Hospital Dermatology Department. The medical records were reviewed concerning ...

The relevance of chlorhexidine contact allergy is a post from: Skincare




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The EU Nickel Directive revisited—future steps towards better protection against nickel allergy


In July 2001, the EU Nickel Directive came into full force to protect European citizens against nickel allergy and dermatitis. Prior to this intervention, Northern European governments had already begun to regulate consumer nickel exposure. According to part 2 of the EU Nickel Directive and the Danish nickel regulation, consumer items intended to be in direct and prolonged contact with the skin were not allowed to release more than 0.5 µg nickel/cm2/week. It was considered unlikely that nickel allergy would disappear altogether as a proportion of individuals reacted below the ...

The EU Nickel Directive revisited—future steps towards better protection against nickel allergy is a post from: Skincare




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No association between metal allergy and cardiac in-stent restenosis in patients with dermatitis–results from a linkage study


Background. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with implantation of a metal stent is a common procedure performed in patients with symptomatic ischaemic heart disease. Intracoronary stents typically have a backbone of stainless steel, which contains nickel, chromium, and molybdenum, and it remains unclear whether individuals who are allergic to these metals have an increased risk of restenosis after PCI with stent implantation.


Objectives. To further evaluate whether dermatitis patients with nickel and/or chromium allergy had an increased risk of developing cardiac in-stent restenosis with stainless steel stents.


Methods. An individual-level linkage study was ...

No association between metal allergy and cardiac in-stent restenosis in patients with dermatitis–results from a linkage study is a post from: Skincare




No association between metal allergy and cardiac in-stent restenosis in patients with dermatitis–results from a linkage study via BuzzBlazer.com

Prevalence of benzocaine and lidocaine patch test sensitivity in Denmark: temporal trends and relevance


Background. Allergens included in the European baseline series should result in positive patch test reactions in at least 1% of a patch test population. Inclusion of local anaesthetics other than benzocaine in the baseline series has previously been debated.


Objectives. To investigate temporal trends of benzocaine and lidocaine allergy in dermatitis patients who underwent routine patch testing in a tertiary referral patch test centre, and to clarify and discuss whether lidocaine and benzocaine should be included in routine series.


Methods. Dermatitis patients who underwent routine patch testing with benzocaine as a part ...

Prevalence of benzocaine and lidocaine patch test sensitivity in Denmark: temporal trends and relevance is a post from: Skincare




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Physical measurement and evaluation of skin color changes under normal condition and post-ultraviolet radiation: a comparison study of Chromameter CM 2500d and Maxmeter MX18


Objective: To compare the data correlation between two kinds of instruments, Chromameter CM2500d and Maxmeter MX18, in the measurement of skin color changes under normal condition and post-ultraviolet (UV) radiation.


Method: The data points of Chromameter CM2500d are based on L*a* values, while Maxmeter MX18 are based on M and E values, in order to compare the data correlation between these two kinds of instruments in skin color measurement on both non-exposed and exposed sites. In addition, an evaluation of the correlation of post-UV irradiation between these two instruments ...

Physical measurement and evaluation of skin color changes under normal condition and post-ultraviolet radiation: a comparison study of Chromameter CM 2500d and Maxmeter MX18 is a post from: Skincare




Physical measurement and evaluation of skin color changes under normal condition and post-ultraviolet radiation: a comparison study of Chromameter CM 2500d and Maxmeter MX18 via BuzzBlazer.com

Hair shaft abnormalities in alopecia areata evaluated by optical coherence tomography


Background/purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is able to provide highly reproducible measurements of hair shaft thickness, including hair shaft diameter, cross-sectional surface area and hair shape, similar to histology but in vivo. Variations in the caliber of hair shafts have been described in patchy hair loss like alopecia areata (AA) using electron microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether OCT is useful for the evaluation of hair shaft abnormalities in AA.


Methods: The measurements were performed on patients with AA (n=9), aged 2–66 years. Fifty hairs ...

Hair shaft abnormalities in alopecia areata evaluated by optical coherence tomography is a post from: Skincare




Hair shaft abnormalities in alopecia areata evaluated by optical coherence tomography via BuzzBlazer.com

Modelling collagen fibre orientation in porcine skin based upon confocal laser scanning microscopy


Background: The mechanical properties of skin, and its ability to resist a wide range of deformations, are mainly determined by the collagen network within the dermis.


Aims: In order to quantify the structure–function relationship of skin, quantitative data on collagen orientation are acquired in this study.


Materials & Methods: Saggital cryosections from the abdominal region of young pigs were stained with picrosirus red for collagen detection and images were acquired by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Spatial distributions of collagen orientation were determined using a structure–tensor approach. Orientation data ...

Modelling collagen fibre orientation in porcine skin based upon confocal laser scanning microscopy is a post from: Skincare




Modelling collagen fibre orientation in porcine skin based upon confocal laser scanning microscopy via BuzzBlazer.com

A modified in vitro stripping method to automate the calculation of geometry of corneocytes imaged with fluorescent microscopy: example of moisturizer treatment


Background/purpose: To develop a modification of the stripping method allowing quick automated processing of corneocyte samples to study human skin conditions. Although the previous scrubbing technique and stripping method can provide sufficient information about human corneocytes, they are either subject to artifacts or involve time-consuming data processing.


Methods and Materials: In the first stage, an adhesive tape is used to collect corneocytes as in the regular stripping method. Then, a D-squame skin indicator is used to divide the collected corneocytes into a lesser populated sample, in which more individual ...

A modified in vitro stripping method to automate the calculation of geometry of corneocytes imaged with fluorescent microscopy: example of moisturizer treatment is a post from: Skincare




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Intradermal tacrolimus prevent scar hypertrophy in a rabbit ear model: a clinical, histological and spectroscopical analysis


Background: Keloids and hypertrophic scars (HSc) affect 4.5–16% of the population. Thus far, the different approaches of keloid treatment are not very efficient, with a 50% relapse rate and many ongoing researches are looking for simple, safe and more efficient therapeutic methods. Tacrolimus is an immunomodulator that could be useful in treating keloid.


Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Tacrolimus in inhibiting HSc formation on rabbits’ ears model and to check optical skin spectroscopy in tissue characterization.


Methods: Our study was carried out ...

Intradermal tacrolimus prevent scar hypertrophy in a rabbit ear model: a clinical, histological and spectroscopical analysis is a post from: Skincare




Intradermal tacrolimus prevent scar hypertrophy in a rabbit ear model: a clinical, histological and spectroscopical analysis via BuzzBlazer.com

Thursday, January 13, 2011

Depth profiling of stratum corneum biophysical and molecular properties

Summary

Background  The barrier function of the skin may be characterised by a number of biophysical and molecular methods. Variation in the barrier properties as a function of depth has not been explored in detail.


Objectives  The aim of the present study was to characterise changes in corneocyte surface area, corneocyte maturity, selected protease activities and Trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) in the ventral forearm with increasing depth.


Methods  The left mid-ventral forearm of 22 healthy volunteers was selected as the study site. After tape-stripping, corneocyte maturity and surface area were assessed. The protease ...

Depth profiling of stratum corneum biophysical and molecular properties is a post from: Skincare




Depth profiling of stratum corneum biophysical and molecular properties via BuzzBlazer.com

Wednesday, January 12, 2011

Filaggrin polymorphism P478S, IgE level, and atopic phenotypes

Summary

Background  Whether environmental exposures may modulate the effect of the skin barrier gene on atopic dermatitis (AD) remains to be elucidated.


Objectives  This study aims to determine whether filaggrin (FLG) variants can serve as a predictor for atopic disorders in Chinese and if allergen exposures may modify the effect of FLG variants on AD by total IgE levels.


Methods  A total of 116 children aged 2 to 5 years with AD and 212 control subjects were analyzed for the FLG variants using DNA sequencing. Multiple logistic regression models were performed to estimate ...

Filaggrin polymorphism P478S, IgE level, and atopic phenotypes is a post from: Skincare




Filaggrin polymorphism P478S, IgE level, and atopic phenotypes via BuzzBlazer.com

Comparison of drug survival rates for adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

Abstract

Background  Adherence to treatment is an indicator of treatment success. Long-term data on adherence to biologic treatment in psoriasis are lacking.


Objectives  To compare the TNF-α inhibitors regarding drug survival rate and safety in patients with psoriasis.


Methods  This study is based on data from the Danish nationwide database DERMBIO covering patients with psoriasis treated with a biologic agent. All patients, who received anti-TNFα treatment in academic referral centers, were included. Baseline data, adverse events, time on treatment and reason for stopping treatment were recorded. Hazard ratios (HRs) for factors determining drug ...

Comparison of drug survival rates for adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab in patients with psoriasis vulgaris is a post from: Skincare




Comparison of drug survival rates for adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab in patients with psoriasis vulgaris via BuzzBlazer.com

Parental sun protective regimens and prevalence of common melanocytic nevi among 7-year-old children in Sweden: changes over a 5-year period

Abstract

Background:  Common melanocytic nevi and cutaneous malignant melanoma share a common risk profile, influenced by ultraviolet exposure. A high density of common melanocytic nevi correlates with an increased life-time risk of evolving cutaneous malignant melanoma. Effective strategies for sun protection, starting in early childhood, are considered of great importance to reduce the steadily rising melanoma trend.


Objective:  To investigate the 5-year changes in sun tanning habits, sun protective regimens and density of common melanocytic nevi between two age-standardized populations of children.


Method:  Population-based cross-sectional study performed among 7-year-old children in southern Sweden ...

Parental sun protective regimens and prevalence of common melanocytic nevi among 7-year-old children in Sweden: changes over a 5-year period is a post from: Skincare




Parental sun protective regimens and prevalence of common melanocytic nevi among 7-year-old children in Sweden: changes over a 5-year period via BuzzBlazer.com

Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced collagen type I expression in keloid

Summary

Background  Keloids are benign skin tumours occurring during wound healing in genetically predisposed patients. There is evidence that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is involved in keloid formation. Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (Cthrc1) was identified as a novel gene expressed in the adventitia and neointima on arterial injury. It is indicated to be a cell type-specific inhibitor of TGF-β, which functionally increases cell migration while reducing collagen type I and III deposition. To our knowledge, however, expression and regulatory mechanisms of Cthrc1 and TGF-β1 in keloid and normal skin has ...

Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced collagen type I expression in keloid is a post from: Skincare




Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced collagen type I expression in keloid via BuzzBlazer.com

Livedoid vasculopathy secondary to high levels of lipoprotein (a)

Livedoid vasculopathy secondary to high levels of lipoprotein (a) is a post from: Skincare

Livedoid vasculopathy secondary to high levels of lipoprotein (a) is a post from: Skincare




Livedoid vasculopathy secondary to high levels of lipoprotein (a) via BuzzBlazer.com

Targeted treatment of pruritus – a look into the future

Abstract

Recent advances in pruritus research have elucidated mediators and neuronal pathways involved in itch transmission and this fast-emerging knowledge may possibly be translated into new therapies in the near future. In the skin and peripheral nerves, potential mediator and receptor therapeutic targets include the H4 histamine receptor, proteinase-activated receptor 2, serine proteases, Cathepsin S, peripheral mu- and kappa- opioid receptors, interleukin-31, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and 3, fatty acid amide hydrolase, nerve growth factor and its receptor, acetylcholine, and the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor. In the spinal cord, gastrin-related peptide ...

Targeted treatment of pruritus – a look into the future is a post from: Skincare




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Efficacy of topical treatments for cutaneous warts: a meta-analysis and pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials


Unstructured abstract

Many topical treatments for cutaneous warts exist and previous reviews of trials did not follow intention-to-treat principles for analysis. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis and pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of topical treatment for cutaneous warts using intention-to-treat principles. Systematic electronic searches (Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, Clinical trial registers) were conducted in May 2009. Included trials reported completed cure of warts and data were extracted from these trials. We performed random effects meta-analysis and assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic and conducted a pooled analysis of ...

Efficacy of topical treatments for cutaneous warts: a meta-analysis and pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials is a post from: Skincare




Efficacy of topical treatments for cutaneous warts: a meta-analysis and pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials via BuzzBlazer.com

Linkage refinement of Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome to an 11.4 Mb interval on chromosome Xq25-27.1

Linkage refinement of Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome to an 11.4 Mb interval on chromosome Xq25-27.1 is a post from: Skincare

Linkage refinement of Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome to an 11.4 Mb interval on chromosome Xq25-27.1 is a post from: Skincare




Linkage refinement of Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome to an 11.4 Mb interval on chromosome Xq25-27.1 via BuzzBlazer.com

Biologic-induced urticaria due to polisorbate 80: Usefulness of prick test.

Biologic-induced urticaria due to polisorbate 80: Usefulness of prick test. is a post from: Skincare

Biologic-induced urticaria due to polisorbate 80: Usefulness of prick test. is a post from: Skincare




Biologic-induced urticaria due to polisorbate 80: Usefulness of prick test. via BuzzBlazer.com

Saturday, January 8, 2011

Skin pattern analysis for lesion classification using local isotropy


Background/purpose: The observation that skin pattern tends to be disrupted by malignant skin lesions, but not by benign ones suggests that measurements of skin pattern disruption on simply captured white light optical clinical (WLC) skin images could be a useful contribution to a diagnostic feature set. Previous work, which generated a flow field of skin pattern using a measurement of local line direction and intensity, was encouraging. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of extracting new features using local isotropy metrics to quantify the skin ...

Skin pattern analysis for lesion classification using local isotropy is a post from: Skincare




Skin pattern analysis for lesion classification using local isotropy via BuzzBlazer.com

Thursday, January 6, 2011

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com

Herpes simplex virus reactivation as a complication of photodynamic therapy


We report the case of an 81-year-old male patient who developed a reactivation of herpes simplex virus localized to the right forehead, where photodynamic therapy (PDT) for actinic keratosis was performed. Considering the wide use of PDT, herpes virus infection or reactivation as well as other infections seem to be a very rare but potentially serious complication that has to be distinguished from common inflammatory reactions after PDT. Further applications of PDT under antiviral prophylaxis were well tolerated by our patient, with no further herpetic reactivation and successful treatment of ...

Herpes simplex virus reactivation as a complication of photodynamic therapy is a post from: Skincare




Herpes simplex virus reactivation as a complication of photodynamic therapy via BuzzBlazer.com

Wednesday, January 5, 2011

Successful treatment of resistant alopecia areata with a phototoxic dose of ultraviolet A after topical 8-methoxypsoralen application


Background: The efficacy of a phototoxic dose of ultraviolet A (UVA) after topical application of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in the treatment of alopecia areata (AA) was evaluated previously in only one study. However, the possibility of spontaneous regrowth of hair cannot be excluded as sessions were carried out every 3 months.


Objective: To determine the efficacy of a phototoxic dose of UVA after topical application of 8-MOP in the treatment of AA resistant to other lines of treatment.


Subjects/Methods: Thirty-five patients with AA were treated by topical 8-MOP application to ...

Successful treatment of resistant alopecia areata with a phototoxic dose of ultraviolet A after topical 8-methoxypsoralen application is a post from: Skincare




Successful treatment of resistant alopecia areata with a phototoxic dose of ultraviolet A after topical 8-methoxypsoralen application via BuzzBlazer.com

Reduction of skin-homing cytotoxic T cells (CD8+–CLA+) in patients with vitiligo


Background: Vitiligo is a frequently acquired, hereditary disease, characterized by achromic macules due to the absence of melanocytes. In contrast with earlier studies, in which the main pathogenic role was attributed to anti-melanocyte antibodies, recent papers have emphasized a role for CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in melanocyte destruction. Fifteen percent of peripheral T cell express cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), responsible for skin-homing T cell. Phototherapy is used to treat patients with generalized vitiligo and it has been shown to interfere with CLA+ T cells in other skin diseases.


Objective: ...

Reduction of skin-homing cytotoxic T cells (CD8+–CLA+) in patients with vitiligo is a post from: Skincare




Reduction of skin-homing cytotoxic T cells (CD8+–CLA+) in patients with vitiligo via BuzzBlazer.com

Polymorphous light eruption and benign summer light eruption in Italy


Background/purpose: Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) heterogeneity has been postulated, but the existence of benign summer light eruption (BSLE) is controversial. We studied the prevalence of the clinical patterns, criteria distinguishing BSLE from PLE, and diagnostic usefulness of phototest.


Methods: Five Italian Photodermatology Centres recruited retrospectively 346 patients with typical clinical history and/or presentation of PLE. Age, gender, skin type, family history and presence of atopy were considered. UVA and UVB MEDs and provocative phototests with UVA and UVB were obtained with a standardized procedure. Photopatch tests were applied according ...

Polymorphous light eruption and benign summer light eruption in Italy is a post from: Skincare




Polymorphous light eruption and benign summer light eruption in Italy via BuzzBlazer.com

Multi-laboratory validation of very high sun protection factor values


Background: High sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreens have multiple benefits but there has not been validation of the test method for determining SPF values higher than 50. This study addresses specifically the accuracy and reproducibility of the high SPF test.


Methods: Two high SPF formulations with a standard reference (SPF 15) were tested at four independent test facilities according to the 2007 FDA proposed amendments to the sunscreen monograph. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the SPF results within each lab as well as the SPF results between different labs.


Results: ...

Multi-laboratory validation of very high sun protection factor values is a post from: Skincare




Multi-laboratory validation of very high sun protection factor values via BuzzBlazer.com

The 308-nm excimer laser: a promising device for the treatment of childhood vitiligo


Background: Numerous modalities have been used to treat vitiligo in children. Up to now, phototherapy and topical corticosteroids are the most commonly used treatments for adult vitiligo but studies evaluating the efficacy of these treatments in the pediatric population remain insufficient.


Objective: This study was a retrospective review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 308-nm excimer laser treatment in 30 childhood vitiligo patients.


Methods: Thirty vitiligo patients with 40 vitiligo patches were evaluated after the cessation of 308-nm excimer laser treatment.


Results: Seventeen patients (56.7%) with 20 patches ...

The 308-nm excimer laser: a promising device for the treatment of childhood vitiligo is a post from: Skincare




The 308-nm excimer laser: a promising device for the treatment of childhood vitiligo via BuzzBlazer.com

Efficacy and safety of hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy for port-wine stain: a multicenter and open-labeled phase IIa study


Background/purpose: This phase IIa study aimed to study the efficacy and safety of hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a 532 nm continuous laser for port-wine stain (PWS).


Methods: In this 8-week open-labeled study in three centers, three different laser exposure times (532 nm continuous laser for 20, 30 and 40 min) were used in stage I, group A, stage II, group B and stage III, group C, respectively. Primary efficacy assessment was performed by an independent group of experts, who reviewed the standardized photos. Secondary efficacy assessment consisted of the subjective ...

Efficacy and safety of hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy for port-wine stain: a multicenter and open-labeled phase IIa study is a post from: Skincare




Efficacy and safety of hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy for port-wine stain: a multicenter and open-labeled phase IIa study via BuzzBlazer.com

Photomedicine and phototherapy considerations for patients with skin of color


Background/purpose: Patients with skin of color present unique challenges and opportunities for dermatologists in their disease states as well as their response to treatment. There are differences in dosing for patients with skin of color using standard phototherapeutic approaches as well as unique disease states that may respond to newer phototherapeutic options. Lastly, there are optical diagnostic options that allow investigators to differentiate erythema and pigmentation in a quantitative manner for clinical research purposes.


Methods: Review of the current literature with regard to vitiligo, hidradenitis suppurativa and optical diagnostic ...

Photomedicine and phototherapy considerations for patients with skin of color is a post from: Skincare




Photomedicine and phototherapy considerations for patients with skin of color via BuzzBlazer.com

Photonanodermatology: the interface of photobiology, dermatology and nanotechnology


This review focuses on the optical properties of matter on the nanoscale and discusses some of their potential applications in dermatology. The applications will be divided into three main categories: those with consumer potential; those with diagnostic potential; and those with therapeutic potential.

Photonanodermatology: the interface of photobiology, dermatology and nanotechnology is a post from: Skincare

Photonanodermatology: the interface of photobiology, dermatology and nanotechnology is a post from: Skincare




Photonanodermatology: the interface of photobiology, dermatology and nanotechnology via BuzzBlazer.com

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare

HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY is a post from: Skincare




HIGHLIGHTS FOR FEBRUARY via BuzzBlazer.com